Most parents want their children to grow up to be leaders and acquire leadership skills in school. Some see leadership as always being first, no matter what. Others see leadership as leading a team. By the way, an overwhelming number of top managers and executives lean towards the latter explanation of the term.
CHOOSING YOUR FUTURE PROFESSION. WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED?
A successfully chosen profession allows you to fulfill yourself, to be needed, and be satisfied with your life. When choosing an occupation, it is important to consider three components: want, can, and need.
- “I want” are our desires, interests, hobbies, and personal inclinations.
- The “can” is our knowledge, abilities, psychological characteristics, and state of health.
- “Need” is the demand for the chosen profession in the labor market.
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THE FOLLOWING DISTRIBUTION OF PROFESSIONS MAY BE USED FOR CHOOSING A CAREER PATH:
entrepreneurial: related to activities whose success depends on the presence of the following qualities – entrepreneurial spirit, energy, initiative, risk-taking and competition, leadership and organizational skills, determination, and tactical flexibility in achieving goals. Basic goals and values: achievement of recognition and high social status (career), the constant expansion of one’s influence in society, and financial success. Characteristic types of professions: business and entrepreneurship, management, politics, legal and journalistic professions.
TECHNICAL REALISTIC: related to activities involving the use of tools (also mechanisms, machines, instruments). The subject of work is real things (material values and means of production) and their creation, exploitation, or transformation. This field is closely related to technical-technological processes in various branches of industrial production. Professional tasks are of a concrete algorithmic nature. The result of the work has to be predictable. Main objectives and values: implementation of new technologies, creation of material goods, practical and useful things necessary for society. Types of occupations: engineering, production, technology, telecommunications, construction, transport, and workers.
NATURALISTIC: related to activities whose subject matter is objects of nature, natural processes, or phenomena. The nature of professional tasks includes both descriptive-observational and experiential as well as practically transformative. The result of the work must be tangible or measurable. The main goals and values are conservation, multiplication and rational use of natural resources, maintaining the balance between living nature and technogenic civilization, and environmental protection. Characteristic occupations: medical-biological, sanitary-ecological, geological-geographical, nature conservation, forestry and mining engineering, agriculture, Phyto- and landscape design, decorative or economic breeding of animals and plants.
CONVENTIONAL: Related to well-structured activities based on goals, objectives, and values shaped by the customs and traditions of society. The approach to tasks is stereotypical, practical, and concrete. The content of professional tasks is usually the recording and processing of information or the performance of an activity according to clear algorithms and instructions. The main goals and values are to preserve and increase spiritual and moral values and material wealth created by society, and to control the unconditional fulfillment of accepted norms and standards. Typical occupations: Finance and Economics, Accounting and Auditing, Law (selective), IT (selective), Office and Operations, Librarianship, Public Service, Work in Fiscal Authorities.
INTELLECTUAL: Related to activities of an analytical and research nature, the purpose of which is to study and make sense of phenomena, events, and objects from a scientific-theoretical perspective. The nature of the tasks requires a high level of intelligence, creativity, and abstract thinking. The result of the work may be unpredictable. Main objectives and values: collecting, summarising, and analyzing information, deducing objective regularities, proposing hypotheses and creating concepts, and developing new technologies and scientific methodology. Typical occupations: theoretical and applied research in different fields of knowledge, teaching in higher education, development of new technologies, information, and analytical work.
SOCIAL: related to different types of social work, services, pedagogy, and medicine. The work requires a lot of personal contact, contact with people, persuasion, adaptation, service, education, assistance as well as constructive conflict resolution, based on intuition and emotional contact. The outcome of the work is not always predictable. Main goals and values: Social and psychological help and support, care for health, material provision, and spiritual development of the people. Characteristic types of professions: social work, pedagogy, and education, information and communication, psychology, sociology, medicine, and services.
ARTISTIC: related to activities involving creative, non-standard approaches to solving professional tasks. This requires imagination and imagination, reliance on intuition and emotions, and independence in decision-making. The main aims and values are self-expression using artistic creativity, an opportunity to embody one’s individuality and aesthetic ideals in the results of work.
Typical occupations: Art (literature, painting, music, theatre, cinema, etc.), art criticism and art criticism, pop and show business, architecture, design, arts and crafts.
RISK RELEVANT PROFESSIONS: include activities that allow (and require) such qualities – as energy, risk-taking and competition, courage in dangerous situations, freedom and character, physical stamina, and agility. Key goals and values: realizing and developing personal potential under extreme conditions; protecting and defending the state and society; eliminating physical danger and threats to human life. Characteristic types of occupations: law enforcement (selectively), military service, professional sports (selectively), mountain and water rescue, security, firefighting, and reconnaissance and expedition.
Psychologists often use occupational tests to determine the level of interest and intrinsic motivation for different types of occupational activity.
High levels of interest and intrinsic motivation contribute to successful self-realization (if there is an aptitude and psychological aptitude) within the respective types of professional activity.
The average level of interest and intrinsic motivation indicates their vague or inconsistent expression, as well as instability and variability in the respective types of professional activity.
A low level of interest and intrinsic motivation for the respective professional activities hinders successful self-actualization. Ignoring this fact may provoke a regular feeling of psychological discomfort in the workplace, increased fatigue, and irritability, as well as frequent job changes.
BEING A LEADER IS A DISADVANTAGE OR A RESPONSIBILITY
Bart Nanus, professor at the School of Business Administration at the University of Southern California and co-author of Leaders: Strategies for Responsibility, believes that a leader possesses seven basic abilities: foresight; the art of making change; the ability to build organizations; the ability to learn ahead of time; initiative; the ability to understand interdependence; high integrity and integrity of character.
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James O’Toole, vice-president of the famous Aspen Institute, singled out such qualities of a true leader: integrity of personality, trust, ability to listen, and respect for subordinates.
As we can see, there is no hint in the two cases that leadership qualities are in any way associated with disparaging behavior, and a thirst to appear better than others. On the contrary, it is the desire to stimulate those around you to develop, take responsibility for their actions, to be considerate of others.
